build(docker): enhance Docker setup with proper dependencies and structure

- Add comprehensive .dockerignore file to exclude unnecessary files
- Update Dockerfile to install required system dependencies and PHP extensions
- Set proper working directory and user permissions
- Use multi-stage build for Composer installation

.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+.git
+.env
+node_modules
+vendor
+storage/framework/cache/data/*
+storage/framework/sessions/*
+storage/framework/testing/*
+storage/framework/views/*
+storage/logs/*
+public/storage
+.phpunit.result.cache
+.vscode
+.idea
+.devcontainer
+docker-compose.yml
+Dockerfile
+.dockerignore
+Makefile
+k8s/